What issue can arise from snow and ice accumulation on a roof?

Accumulation of snow and ice on a roof can lead to the formation of ice dams, which are significant issues for roofing systems. An ice dam occurs when warm air from the interior of a building causes snow on the roof to melt. When this meltwater reaches the eaves, which are typically colder, it can refreeze, creating a dam of ice. This build-up prevents proper drainage of melting snow, causing water to pool on the roof. As the water backs up behind the ice dam, it can seep under shingles and into the roofing materials, leading to leaks and potential damage to the interior of the building.

The other options do not accurately reflect the consequences of snow and ice accumulation. Enhanced insulation capabilities and improved roof structure are not direct results of snow and ice; rather, they may contribute to a roof's ability to manage thermal conditions but do not prevent the issues caused by snow and ice. Additionally, an increased risk of leaks occurs due to these conditions, making the option of decreased risk of leaks incorrect, as ice dams actually create a higher risk for water intrusion.